“…a permanent appointment in France.”

“Charles Edouard Brown-Séquard’s Departure from the Medical College of Virginia: Incompatible Science or Incompatible Social Views in pre–Civil War Southern United States,” Joseph C. Watson and Stephen V. Ho, World Neurosurgery, Vol. 75, No. 5/6, 2011, p. 751.

“…thrown aside the prejudices…”

Celestin, L.-C. (2016). Charles-Edouard Brown-Séquard: The biography of a tormented genius, p. 77.

“…taught himself English…”

Berthelot, M. (1900). The life and works of Brown-Séquard. Washington: Govt. Print. Office, p. 682.

“…offered obstetric examinations…”

Berthelot, M. (1900). The life and works of Brown-Séquard. Washington: Govt. Print. Office, p. 683.

“…abuzz with claims…”

Sims and Brown-Séquard were both attempting to establish themselves in New York at the same time, and Brown-Séquard was actively working in Sims’s field. As will be seen, Brown-Séquard also attended the 1852 AMA conference, which Sims also attended. It is highly likely that Brown-Séquard was aware of Sims.

Berthelot, M. (1900). The life and works of Brown-Séquard. Washington: Govt. Print. Office, p. 683.

“…avoided Southerners.”

Celestin, L.-C. (2016). Charles-Edouard Brown-Séquard: The biography of a tormented genius, p. 80.

“…the description of slavery…”

Celestin, L.-C. (2016). Charles-Edouard Brown-Séquard: The biography of a tormented genius, pp. 80-81.

“…lectured on the subject…”

Celestin, L.-C. (2016). Charles-Edouard Brown-Séquard: The biography of a tormented genius, pp. 79-80.

“He gave a talk…”

Celestin, L.-C. (2016). Charles-Edouard Brown-Séquard: The biography of a tormented genius, p. 78.

“…Lumpkin’s Jail…”

Brown-Séquard’s biographers make no mention of it, but the infamous Lumpkin’s jail stood only a few blocks from where Brown-Séquard—and Anarcha—would be performing experiments in Richmond. It’s implausible that a man fervently concerned with slavery would not have been acutely aware of it.

These images come from a document entitled “PRELIMINARY ARCHAEOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE LUMPKIN’S JAIL SITE (44HE1053) RICHMOND, VIRGINIA,” prepared for the City of Richmond by Matthew R. Laird. It is available online.

“…the 1852 meeting…”

See “The AMA in Richmond,” above.

“…featured in a recent novel…”

Twelve Years a Slave was first published in 1853.

“Shockoe Bottom Ballpark Proposal Could Bury Richmond’s Slave History, Group Warns,” Susan Svrluga, Washington Post, June 23, 2014.

“…less than her market value.”

See advertisement in printed book.

The Richmond Dispatch, May 6, 1854, p. 2.

“…the return of Maria…”

See advertisement in printed book.

The Richmond Dispatch, March 14, 1854, p. 2.

“…the return of Mitty…”

See advertisement in printed book.

The Richmond Dispatch, April 28, 1854, p. 2.

“…overheard Sims…”

See “The group chuckled heartily…,” above. There is no record that Brown-Séquard interacted with Sims at the 1852 conference, but they were both present, and Brown-Seequard would likely have had an interest in Sims (see “…abuzz with claims.…,” above).

“Charles Edouard Brown-Séquard’s Departure from the Medical College of Virginia: Incompatible Science or Incompatible Social Views in pre–Civil WarSouthern United States,” Joseph C. Watson and Stephen V. Ho, World Neurosurgery, Vol. 75, No. 5/6, 2011, p. 751.