“…Henry and James…”

The Richmond Dispatch (Richmond, VA), March 1, 1854, p. 2.

“…Moses Harris…”

The Richmond Dispatch (Richmond, VA), March 9, 1854, p. 2.

“…George…”

The Richmond Dispatch (Richmond, VA), March 25, 1854, p. 2.

“…Horace Greeley…”

The Richmond Dispatch (Richmond, VA), March 30, 1854, p. 2.

“…cases of wife whipping…”

The Richmond Dispatch (Richmond, VA), May 30, 1854, p. 2; May 19, 1854, p. 2.

“…storms raged through Richmond…”

The Richmond Dispatch (Richmond, VA), June 26, 1854, p. 2.

“citation…”“Newspapers advertised medicines…”

The Richmond Dispatch (Richmond, VA), February 11, 1854, p. 1; March 2, 1854, p. 3; March 28, 1854, p. 2; April 20, 1854, p. 4; April 28, 1854, p. 1; April 10, 1854, p. 2.

“…past the Exchange…”

The Richmond Dispatch (Richmond, VA), March 1, 1854, p. 2.

“…the Odd Fellows Hall…”

The Richmond Dispatch (Richmond, VA), April 20, 1854, p. 2.

“…Metropolitan Hall…”

The Richmond Dispatch (Richmond, VA), April 13, 1854, p. 2.

“…Kunkel’s Nightingale Minstrels…”

The Richmond Dispatch (Richmond, VA), May 26, 1854, p. 2.

“…Rocketts Naval Yard…”

“Surviving War and the Underground: Richmond Free Blacks and Criminal Networks during the Civil War,” Carey H. Latimore, The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 117, No. 1 (2009), p. 8.

“…forty thousand people…”

Population estimates of the time vary.

“Surviving War and the Underground: Richmond Free Blacks and Criminal Networks during the Civil War,” Carey H. Latimore, The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 117, No. 1 (2009), p. 13.

https://encyclopediavirginia.org/entries/richmond-during-the-civil-war/#:~:text=In%201860%2C%20Richmond%20had%20almost,crammed%20the%20capital%20by%201865.

“…sold into slavery…”

“Surviving War and the Underground: Richmond Free Blacks and Criminal Networks during the Civil War,” Carey H. Latimore, The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 117, No. 1 (2009), p. 3.