“…Joy Village…”

Details about Joy Village, its grounds and history, are derived from interviews with hospital administrators, doctors, nurse aids, and patients, conducted during my visit to the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital, Joy Village, and the Hamlin College of Midwives in early 2018.

“Five smaller hospitals…”

The five smaller hospitals are Bahir Dar Hamlin Fistula Center, Mekele Hamlin Fistula Center, Yirgalem Hamlin Fistula Center, Harar Hamlin Fistula Center, and Metu Hamlin Fistula Center. Additional information about these hospitals can be found here:

https://hamlinfistula.org/about-us/

“…Hamlin College of Midwives…”

Additional information about the Hamlin College of Midwives can be found here:

https://hamlin.org.au/hamlin-college-midwives/

https://hamlinfistula.org/our-midwives/

“…Oprah Winfrey…”

Sometime later, Oprah Winfrey recorded a short video recounting her experiences visiting the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital. A plaque on the wall of the on-site stoma clinic indicates that the clinic was funded by Ms. Winfrey.

The video can be found here.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnFuQs34y9I&t=28s

“As of 2018…”

Derived from interviews with nurses at the Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital stoma clinic in early 2018.

“In 2015, Asrebeb…”

See “Her mother tattooed…,” above.